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Q1. A Company security System Administrator is reviewing the network system log files. He notes the following:
-Network log files are at 5 MB at 12:00 noon.
-At 14:00 hours, the log files at 3 MB.
What should he assume has happened and what should he do about the situation?
A. He should contact the attacker’s ISP as soon as possible and have the connection disconnected.
B. He should log the event as suspicious activity, continue to investigate, and take further steps according to site security policy.
C. He should log the file size, and archive the information, because the router crashed.
D. He should run a file system check, because the Syslog server has a self correcting file system problem.
E. He should disconnect from the Internet discontinue any further unauthorized use, because an attack has taken place.
Answer: B
Explanation: You should never assume a host has been compromised without verification. Typically, disconnecting a server is an extreme measure and should only be done when it is confirmed there is a compromise or the server contains such sensitive data that the loss of service outweighs the risk. Never assume that any administrator or automatic process is making changes to a system. Always investigate the root cause of the change on the system and follow your organizations security policy.
Q2. Which of the following steganography utilities exploits the nature of white space and allows the user to conceal information in these white spaces?
A. Snow
B. Gif-It-Up
C. NiceText
D. Image Hide
Answer: A
Explanation: The program snow is used to conceal messages in ASCII text by appending whitespace to the end of lines. Because spaces and tabs are generally not visible in text viewers, the message is effectively hidden from casual observers. And if the built-in encryption is used, the message cannot be read even if it is detected.
Q3. Which of the following keyloggers cannot be detected by anti-virus or anti-spyware products?
A. Covert keylogger
B. Stealth keylogger
C. Software keylogger
D. Hardware keylogger
Answer: D
Explanation: As the hardware keylogger never interacts with the Operating System it is undetectable by anti-virus or anti-spyware products.
Q4. John wishes to install a new application onto his Windows 2000 server.
He wants to ensure that any application he uses has not been Trojaned.
What can he do to help ensure this?
A. Compare the file's MD5 signature with the one published on the distribution media
B. Obtain the application via SSL
C. Compare the file's virus signature with the one published on the distribution media
D. Obtain the application from a CD-ROM disc
Answer: A
Explanation: MD5 was developed by Professor Ronald L. Rivest of MIT. What it does, to quote the executive summary of rfc1321, is:
[The MD5 algorithm] takes as input a message of arbitrary length and produces as output a 128-bit "fingerprint" or "message digest" of the input. It is conjectured that it is computationally infeasible to produce two messages having the same message digest, or to produce any message having a given prespecified target message digest. The MD5 algorithm is intended for digital signature applications, where a large file must be "compressed" in a secure manner before being encrypted with a private (secret) key under a public-key cryptosystem such as RSA.
In essence, MD5 is a way to verify data integrity, and is much more reliable than checksum and many other commonly used methods.
Q5. John wants to try a new hacking tool on his Linux System. As the application comes from a site in his untrusted zone, John wants to ensure that the downloaded tool has not been Trojaned. Which of the following options would indicate the best course of action for John?
A. Obtain the application via SSL
B. Obtain the application from a CD-ROM disc
C. Compare the files’ MD5 signature with the one published on the distribution media
D. Compare the file’s virus signature with the one published on the distribution media
Answer: C
Explanation: In essence, MD5 is a way to verify data integrity, and is much more reliable than checksum and many other commonly used methods.
Q6. Attacking well-known system defaults is one of the most common hacker attacks. Most software is shipped with a default configuration that makes it easy to install and setup the application. You should change the default settings to secure the system.
Which of the following is NOT an example of default installation?
A. Many systems come with default user accounts with well-known passwords that administrators forget to change
B. Often, the default location of installation files can be exploited which allows a hacker to retrieve a file from the system
C. Many software packages come with "samples" that can be exploited, such as the sample programs on IIS web services
D. Enabling firewall and anti-virus software on the local system
Answer: D
Q7. You went to great lengths to install all the necessary technologies to prevent hacking attacks, such as expensive firewalls, antivirus software, anti-spam systems and intrusion detection/prevention tools in your company's network. You have configured the most secure policies and tightened every device on your network. You are confident that hackers will never be able to gain access to your network with complex security system in place. Your peer, Peter Smith who works at the same department disagrees with you. He says even the best network security technologies cannot prevent hackers gaining access to the network because of presence of "weakest link" in the security chain. What is Peter Smith talking about?
A. Untrained staff or ignorant computer users who inadvertently become the weakest link in your security chain
B. "zero-day" exploits are the weakest link in the security chain since the IDS will not be able to detect these attacks
C. "Polymorphic viruses" are the weakest link in the security chain since the Anti-Virus scanners will not be able to detect these attacks
D. Continuous Spam e-mails cannot be blocked by your security system since spammers use different techniques to bypass the filters in your gateway
Answer: A
Q8. What are the limitations of Vulnerability scanners? (Select 2 answers)
A. There are often better at detecting well-known vulnerabilities than more esoteric ones
B. The scanning speed of their scanners are extremely high
C. It is impossible for any, one scanning product to incorporate all known vulnerabilities in a timely manner
D. The more vulnerabilities detected, the more tests required
E. They are highly expensive and require per host scan license
Answer: AC
Q9. In this type of Man-in-the-Middle attack, packets and authentication tokens are captured using a sniffer. Once the relevant information is extracted, the tokens are placed back on the network to gain access.
A. Token Injection Replay attacks
B. Shoulder surfing attack
C. Rainbow and Hash generation attack
D. Dumpster diving attack
Answer: A
Q10. Fake Anti-Virus, is one of the most frequently encountered and persistent threats on the web. This malware uses social engineering to lure users into infected websites with a technique called Search Engine Optimization.
Once the Fake AV is downloaded into the user's computer, the software will scare them into believing their system is infected with threats that do not really exist, and then push users to purchase services to clean up the non-existent threats.
The Fake AntiVirus will continue to send these annoying and intrusive alerts until a payment is made.
What is the risk of installing Fake AntiVirus?
A. Victim's Operating System versions, services running and applications installed will be published on Blogs and Forums
B. Victim's personally identifiable information such as billing address and credit card details, may be extracted and exploited by the attacker
C. Once infected, the computer will be unable to boot and the Trojan will attempt to format the hard disk
D. Denial of Service attack will be launched against the infected computer crashing other machines on the connected network
Answer: B
Q11. Study the log below and identify the scan type.
tcpdump –w host 192.168.1.10
A. nmap R 192.168.1.10
B. nmap S 192.168.1.10
C. nmap V 192.168.1.10
D. nmap –sO –T 192.168.1.10
Answer: D
Explanation: -sO: IP protocol scans: This method is used to determine which IP protocols are supported on a host. The technique is to send raw IP packets without any further protocol header to each specified protocol on the target machine.
Q12. You want to hide a secret.txt document inside c:\windows\system32\tcpip.dll kernel library using ADS streams. How will you accomplish this?
A. copy secret.txt c:\windows\system32\tcpip.dll kernel>secret.txt
B. copy secret.txt c:\windows\system32\tcpip.dll:secret.txt
C. copy secret.txt c:\windows\system32\tcpip.dll |secret.txt
D. copy secret.txt >< c:\windows\system32\tcpip.dll kernel secret.txt
Answer: B
Q13. A zone file consists of which of the following Resource Records (RRs)?
A. DNS, NS, AXFR, and MX records
B. DNS, NS, PTR, and MX records
C. SOA, NS, AXFR, and MX records
D. SOA, NS, A, and MX records
Answer: D
Explanation: The zone file typically contains the following records:
SOA – Start Of Authority NS – Name Server record MX – Mail eXchange record A – Address record
Q14. In which location, SAM hash passwords are stored in Windows 7?
A. c:\windows\system32\config\SAM
B. c:\winnt\system32\machine\SAM
C. c:\windows\etc\drivers\SAM
D. c:\windows\config\etc\SAM
Answer: A