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Q1. In this attack, a victim receives an e-mail claiming from PayPal stating that their account has been disabled and confirmation is required before activation. The attackers then scam to collect not one but two credit card numbers, ATM PIN number and other personal details.
Ignorant users usually fall prey to this scam. Which of the following statement is incorrect related to this attack?
A. Do not reply to email messages or popup ads asking for personal or financial information
B. Do not trust telephone numbers in e-mails or popup ads
C. Review credit card and bank account statements regularly
D. Antivirus, anti-spyware, and firewall software can very easily detect these type of attacks
E. Do not send credit card numbers, and personal or financial information via e-mail
Answer: A
Q2. On wireless networks, SSID is used to identify the network. Why are SSID not considered to be a good security mechanism to protect a wireless networks?
A. The SSID is only 32 bits in length.
B. The SSID is transmitted in clear text.
C. The SSID is the same as the MAC address for all vendors.
D. The SSID is to identify a station, not a network.
Answer: B
Explanation: The SSID IS constructed to identify a network, it IS NOT the same as the MAC address and SSID’s consists of a maximum of 32 alphanumeric characters.
Q3. If you perform a port scan with a TCP ACK packet, what should an OPEN port return?
A. RST
B. No Reply
C. SYN/ACK
D. FIN
Answer: A
Explanation: Open ports return RST to an ACK scan.
Q4. If a competitor wants to cause damage to your organization, steal critical secrets, or put you out of business, they just have to find a job opening, prepare someone to pass the interview, have that person hired, and they will be in the organization.
How would you prevent such type of attacks?
A. It is impossible to block these attacks
B. Hire the people through third-party job agencies who will vet them for you
C. Conduct thorough background checks before you engage them
D. Investigate their social networking profiles
Answer: C
Q5. _____ is found in all versions of NTFS and is described as the ability to fork file data into existing files without affecting their functionality, size, or display to traditional file browsing utilities like dir or Windows Explorer
A. Steganography
B. Merge Streams
C. NetBIOS vulnerability
D. Alternate Data Streams
Answer: D
Explanation: ADS (or Alternate Data Streams) is a “feature” in the NTFS file system that makes it possible to hide information in alternate data streams in existing files. The file can have multiple data streams and the data streams are accessed by filename:stream.
Q6. How do you defend against MAC attacks on a switch?
A. Disable SPAN port on the switch
B. Enable SNMP Trap on the switch
C. Configure IP security on the switch
D. Enable Port Security on the switch
Answer: D
Q7. Clive has been monitoring his IDS and sees that there are a huge number of ICMP Echo Reply packets that are being received on the external gateway interface. Further inspection reveals that they are not responses from the internal hosts’ requests but simply responses coming from the Internet.
What could be the most likely cause?
A. Someone has spoofed Clive’s IP address while doing a smurf attack.
B. Someone has spoofed Clive’s IP address while doing a land attack.
C. Someone has spoofed Clive’s IP address while doing a fraggle attack.
D. Someone has spoofed Clive’s IP address while doing a DoS attack.
Answer: A
Explanation: The smurf attack, named after its exploit program, is a denial-of-service attack that uses spoofed broadcast ping messages to flood a target system. In such an attack, a perpetrator sends a large amount of ICMP echo (ping) traffic to IP broadcast addresses, all of it having a spoofed source address of the intended victim. If the routing device delivering traffic to those broadcast addresses performs the IP broadcast to layer 2 broadcast function, most hosts on that IP network will take the ICMP echo request and reply to it with an echo reply, multiplying the traffic by the number of hosts responding. On a multi-access broadcast network, hundreds of machines might reply to each packet.
Q8. Bob has been hired to perform a penetration test on ABC.com. He begins by looking at IP address ranges owned by the company and details of domain name registration. He then goes to News Groups and financial web sites to see if they are leaking any sensitive information of have any technical details online.
Within the context of penetration testing methodology, what phase is Bob involved with?
A. Passive information gathering
B. Active information gathering
C. Attack phase
D. Vulnerability Mapping
Answer: A
Explanation: He is gathering information and as long as he doesn’t make contact with any of the targets systems he is considered gathering this information in a passive mode.
Q9. Your company trainee Sandra asks you which are the four existing Regional Internet Registry (RIR's)?
A. APNIC, PICNIC, ARIN, LACNIC
B. RIPE NCC, LACNIC, ARIN, APNIC
C. RIPE NCC, NANIC, ARIN, APNIC
D. RIPE NCC, ARIN, APNIC, LATNIC
Answer: B
Explanation: All other answers include non existing organizations (PICNIC, NANIC, LATNIC). See http://www.arin.net/library/internet_info/ripe.html
Q10. Which definition among those given below best describes a covert channel?
A. A server program using a port that is not well known.
B. Making use of a protocol in a way it is not intended to be used.
C. It is the multiplexing taking place on a communication link.
D. It is one of the weak channels used by WEP which makes it insecure.
Answer: B
Explanation: A covert channel is described as: "any communication channel that can be exploited by a process to transfer information in a manner that violates the systems security policy."
Essentially, it is a method of communication that is not part of an actual computer system design, but can be used to transfer information to users or system processes that normally would not be allowed access to the information.
Q11. The GET method should never be used when sensitive data such as credit is being sent to a CGI program. This is because any GET command will appear in the URL and will be logged by any servers. For example, let’s say that you’ve entered your credit card information into a form that uses the GET method. The URL may appear like this:
https://www.xsecurity-bank.com/creditcard.asp?cardnumber=454543433532234
The GET method appends the credit card number to the URL. This means that anyone with access to a server log will be able to obtain this information.
How would you protect from this type of attack?
A. Replace the GET with POST method when sending data
B. Never include sensitive information in a script
C. Use HTTOS SSLV3 to send the data instead of plain HTTPS
D. Encrypt the data before you send using GET method
Answer: A
Explanation: If the method is "get", the user agent takes the value of action, appends a ? to it, then appends the form data set, encoded using the application/x-www-form-urlencoded content type. The user agent then traverses the link to this URI. If the method is "post" --, the user agent conducts an HTTP post transaction using the value of the action attribute and a message created according to the content type specified by the enctype attribute.
Q12. Jake is a network administrator who needs to get reports from all the computer and network devices on his network. Jake wants to use SNMP but is afraid that won't be secure since passwords and messages are in clear text. How can Jake gather network information in a secure manner?
A. He can use SNMPv3
B. Jake can use SNMPrev5
C. He can use SecWMI
D. Jake can use SecSNMP
Answer: A
Q13. What is a sniffing performed on a switched network called?
A. Spoofed sniffing
B. Passive sniffing
C. Direct sniffing
D. Active sniffing
Answer: D
Q14. Sally is a network admin for a small company. She was asked to install wireless accesspoints in the building. In looking at the specifications for the access-points, she sees that all of them offer WEP. Which of these are true about WEP?
Select the best answer.
A. Stands for Wireless Encryption Protocol
B. It makes a WLAN as secure as a LAN
C. Stands for Wired Equivalent Privacy
D. It offers end to end security
Answer: C
Explanations:
WEP is intended to make a WLAN as secure as a LAN but because a WLAN is not constrained by wired, this makes access much easier. Also, WEP has flaws that make it less secure than was once thought.WEP does not offer end-to-end security. It only attempts to protect the wireless portion of the network.
Q15. A user on your Windows 2000 network has discovered that he can use L0phtcrack to sniff the SMB exchanges which carry user logons. The user is plugged into a hub with 23 other systems. However, he is unable to capture any logons though he knows that other users are logging in.
What do you think is the most likely reason behind this?
A. There is a NIDS present on that segment.
B. Kerberos is preventing it.
C. Windows logons cannot be sniffed.
D. L0phtcrack only sniffs logons to web servers.
Answer: B
Explanation: In a Windows 2000 network using Kerberos you normally use pre-authentication and the user password never leaves the local machine so it is never exposed to the network so it should not be able to be sniffed.