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Q1. What is the correct command to run Netcat on a server using port 56 that spawns command shell when connected?
A. nc -port 56 -s cmd.exe
B. nc -p 56 -p -e shell.exe
C. nc -r 56 -c cmd.exe
D. nc -L 56 -t -e cmd.exe
Answer: D
Q2. Why attackers use proxy servers?
A. To ensure the exploits used in the attacks always flip reverse vectors
B. Faster bandwidth performance and increase in attack speed
C. Interrupt the remote victim's network traffic and reroute the packets to attackers machine
D. To hide the source IP address so that an attacker can hack without any legal corollary
Answer: D
Q3. Ethernet switches can be adversely affected by rapidly bombarding them with spoofed ARP responses. He port to MAC Address table (CAM Table) overflows on the switch and rather than failing completely, moves into broadcast mode, then the hacker can sniff all of the packets on the network.
Which of the following tool achieves this?
A. ./macof
B. ./sniffof
C. ./dnsiff
D. ./switchsnarf
Answer: A
Explanation: macof floods the local network with random MAC addresses (causing some switches to fail open in repeating mode, facilitating sniffing).
Q4. Because UDP is a connectionless protocol: (Select 2)
A. UDP recvfrom() and write() scanning will yield reliable results
B. It can only be used for Connect scans
C. It can only be used for SYN scans
D. There is no guarantee that the UDP packets will arrive at their destination
E. ICMP port unreachable messages may not be returned successfully
Answer: DE
Explanation: Neither UDP packets, nor the ICMP errors are guaranteed to arrive, so UDP scanners must also implement retransmission of packets that appear to be lost (or you will get a bunch of false positives).
Q5. What is the term 8 to describe an attack that falsifies a broadcast ICMP echo request and includes a primary and secondary victim?
A. Fraggle Attack
B. Man in the Middle Attack
C. Trojan Horse Attack
D. Smurf Attack
E. Back Orifice Attack
Answer: D
Explanation: Trojan and Back orifice are Trojan horse attacks. Man in the middle spoofs the Ip and redirects the victems packets to the cracker The infamous Smurf attack. preys on ICMP's capability to send traffic to the broadcast address. Many hosts can listen and respond to a single ICMP echo request sent to a broadcast address.
Network Intrusion Detection third Edition by Stephen Northcutt and Judy Novak pg 70 The "smurf" attack's cousin is called "fraggle", which uses UDP echo packets in the same fashion as the ICMP echo packets; it was a simple re-write of "smurf".
Q6. You have been using the msadc.pl attack script to execute arbitrary commands on an NT4 web server. While it is effective, you find it tedious to perform extended functions. On further research you come across a perl script that runs the following msadc functions:
What kind of exploit is indicated by this script?
A. A buffer overflow exploit.
B. A SUID exploit.
C. A SQL injection exploit.
D. A chained exploit.
E. A buffer under run exploit.
Answer: D
Q7. E-mail tracking is a method to monitor and spy the delivered e-mails to the intended recipient.
Select a feature, which you will NOT be able to accomplish with this probe?
A. When the e-mail was received and read
B. Send destructive e-mails
C. GPS location and map of the recipient
D. Time spent on reading the e-mails
E. Whether or not the recipient visited any links sent to them
F. Track PDF and other types of attachments
G. Set messages to expire after specified time
H. Remote control the User's E-mail client application and hijack the traffic
Answer: H
Q8. An attacker is attempting to telnet into a corporation’s system in the DMZ. The attacker doesn’t want to get caught and is spoofing his IP address. After numerous tries he remains unsuccessful in connecting to the system. The attacker rechecks that the target system is actually listening on Port 23 and he verifies it with both nmap and hping2. He is still unable to connect to the target system.
What is the most probable reason?
A. The firewall is blocking port 23 to that system.
B. He cannot spoof his IP and successfully use TCP.
C. He needs to use an automated tool to telnet in.
D. He is attacking an operating system that does not reply to telnet even when open.
Answer: B
Explanation: Spoofing your IP will only work if you don’t need to get an answer from the target system. In this case the answer (login prompt) from the telnet session will be sent to the “real” location of the IP address that you are showing as the connection initiator.
Q9. In this type of Man-in-the-Middle attack, packets and authentication tokens are captured using a sniffer. Once the relevant information is extracted, the tokens are placed back on the network to gain access.
A. Token Injection Replay attacks
B. Shoulder surfing attack
C. Rainbow and Hash generation attack
D. Dumpster diving attack
Answer: A
Q10. Bob has set up three web servers on Windows Server 2003 IIS 6.0. Bob has followed all the recommendations for securing the operating system and IIS. These servers are going to run numerous e-commerce websites that are projected to bring in thousands of dollars a day. Bob is still concerned about the security of this server because of the potential for financial loss. Bob has asked his company’s firewall administrator to set the firewall to inspect all incoming traffic on ports 80 and 443 to ensure that no malicious data is getting into the network.
Why will this not be possible?
A. Firewalls can’t inspect traffic coming through port 443
B. Firewalls can only inspect outbound traffic
C. Firewalls can’t inspect traffic coming through port 80
D. Firewalls can’t inspect traffic at all, they can only block or allow certain ports
Answer: D
Explanation: In order to really inspect traffic and traffic patterns you need an IDS.
Q11. Which of the following is an attack in which a secret value like a hash is captured and then reused at a later time to gain access to a system without ever decrypting or decoding the hash.
A. Replay Attacks
B. Brute Force Attacks
C. Cryptography Attacks
D. John the Ripper Attacks
Answer: A
Explanation: A replay attack is a form of network attack in which a valid data transmission is maliciously or fraudulently repeated or delayed. This is carried out either by the originator or by an adversary who intercepts the data and retransmits it.
Q12. You are trying to break into a highly classified top-secret mainframe computer with highest security system in place at Merclyn Barley Bank located in Los Angeles. You know that conventional hacking doesn't work in this case, because organizations such as banks are generally tight and secure when it comes to protecting their systems. In other words you are trying to penetrate an otherwise impenetrable system. How would you proceed?
A. Look for "zero-day" exploits at various underground hacker websites in Russia and China and buy the necessary exploits from these hackers and target the bank's network B. Try to hang around the local pubs or restaurants near the bank, get talking to a poorly-paid or disgruntled employee, and offer them money if they'll abuse their access privileges by providing you with sensitive information
C. Launch DDOS attacks against Merclyn Barley Bank's routers and firewall systems using 100,000 or more "zombies" and "bots"
D. Try to conduct Man-in-the-Middle (MiTM) attack and divert the network traffic going to the Merclyn Barley Bank's Webserver to that of your machine using DNS Cache Poisoning techniques
Answer: B
Q13. You have retrieved the raw hash values from a Windows 2000 Domain Controller. Using social engineering, you come to know that they are enforcing strong passwords. You understand that all users are required to use passwords that are at least 8 characters in length. All passwords must also use 3 of the 4 following categories: lower case letters, capital letters, numbers and special characters.
With your existing knowledge of users, likely user account names and the possibility that they will choose the easiest passwords possible, what would be the fastest type of password cracking attack you can run against these hash values and still get results?
A. Online Attack
B. Dictionary Attack
C. Brute Force Attack
D. Hybrid Attack
Answer: D
Explanation: A dictionary attack will not work as strong passwords are enforced, also the minimum length of 8 characters in the password makes a brute force attack time consuming. A hybrid attack where you take a word from a dictionary and exchange a number of letters with numbers and special characters will probably be the fastest way to crack the passwords.
Q14. In which location, SAM hash passwords are stored in Windows 7?
A. c:\windows\system32\config\SAM
B. c:\winnt\system32\machine\SAM
C. c:\windows\etc\drivers\SAM
D. c:\windows\config\etc\SAM
Answer: A
Q15. In the context of using PKI, when Sven wishes to send a secret message to Bob, he looks up Bob’s public key in a directory, uses it to encrypt the message before sending it off. Bob then uses his private key to decrypt the message and reads it. No one listening on can decrypt the message.
Anyone can send an encrypted message to Bob but only Bob can read it. Thus, although many people may know Bob’s public key and use it to verify Bob’s signature, they cannot discover Bob’s private key and use it to forge digital signatures.
What does this principle refer to?
A. Irreversibility
B. Non-repudiation
C. Symmetry
D. Asymmetry
Answer: D
Explanation: PKI uses asymmetric key pair encryption. One key of the pair is the only way to decrypt data encrypted with the other.