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Q1. A particular database threat utilizes a SQL injection technique to penetrate a target system. How would an attacker use this technique to compromise a database?
A. An attacker uses poorly designed input validation routines to create or alter SQL commands to gain access to unintended data or execute commands of the database
B. An attacker submits user input that executes an operating system command to compromise a target system
C. An attacker gains control of system to flood the target system with requests, preventing legitimate users from gaining access
D. An attacker utilizes an incorrect configuration that leads to access with higher-than-expected privilege of the database
Answer: A
Explanation: Using the poorly designed input validation to alter or steal data from a database is a SQL injection attack.
Q2. Wayne is the senior security analyst for his company. Wayne is examining some traffic logs on a server and came across some inconsistencies. Wayne finds some IP packets from a computer purporting to be on the internal network. The packets originate from 192.168.12.35 with a TTL of
15. The server replied to this computer and received a response from 192.168.12.35 with a TTL of
21. What can Wayne infer from this traffic log?
A. The initial traffic from 192.168.12.35 was being spoofed.
B. The traffic from 192.168.12.25 is from a Linux computer.
C. The TTL of 21 means that the client computer is on wireless.
D. The client computer at 192.168.12.35 is a zombie computer.
Answer: A
Q3. Susan has attached to her company’s network. She has managed to synchronize her boss’s sessions with that of the file server. She then intercepted his traffic destined for the server, changed it the way she wanted to and then placed it on the server in his home directory. What kind of attack is Susan carrying on?
A. A sniffing attack
B. A spoofing attack
C. A man in the middle attack
D. A denial of service attack
Answer: C
Explanation: A man-in-the-middle attack (MITM) is an attack in which an attacker is able to read, insert and modify at will, messages between two parties without either party knowing that the link between them has been compromised.
Q4. Bob reads an article about how insecure wireless networks can be. He gets approval from his management to implement a policy of not allowing any wireless devices on the network. What other steps does Bob have to take in order to successfully implement this? (Select 2 answer.)
A. Train users in the new policy.
B. Disable all wireless protocols at the firewall.
C. Disable SNMP on the network so that wireless devices cannot be configured.
D. Continuously survey the area for wireless devices.
Answer: AD
Explanation: If someone installs a access point and connect it to the network there is no way to find it unless you are constantly surveying the area for wireless devices. SNMP and firewalls can not prevent the installation of wireless devices on the corporate network.
Q5. An attacker is attempting to telnet into a corporation’s system in the DMZ. The attacker doesn’t want to get caught and is spoofing his IP address. After numerous tries he remains unsuccessful in connecting to the system. The attacker rechecks that the target system is actually listening on Port 23 and he verifies it with both nmap and hping2. He is still unable to connect to the target system.
What is the most probable reason?
A. The firewall is blocking port 23 to that system.
B. He cannot spoof his IP and successfully use TCP.
C. He needs to use an automated tool to telnet in.
D. He is attacking an operating system that does not reply to telnet even when open.
Answer: B
Explanation: Spoofing your IP will only work if you don’t need to get an answer from the target system. In this case the answer (login prompt) from the telnet session will be sent to the “real” location of the IP address that you are showing as the connection initiator.
Q6. Bank of Timbukut is a medium-sized, regional financial institution in Timbuktu. The bank has deployed a new Internet-accessible Web Application recently. Customers can access their account balances, transfer money between accounts, pay bills and conduct online financial business using a web browser.
John Stevens is in charge of information security at Bank of Timbukut. After one month in production, several customers have complained about the Internet enabled banking application. Strangely, the account balances of many of the bank’s customers had been changed ! However, money hasn’t been removed from the bank, instead money was transferred between accounts. Given this attack profile, John Stevens reviewed the Web Application’s logs and found the following entries.
What kind of attack did the Hacker attempt to carry out at the Bank?
A. Brute Force attack in which the Hacker attempted guessing login ID and password from password cracking tools
B. The Hacker used a generator module to pass results to the Web Server and exploited Web Application CGI vulnerability.
C. The Hacker first attempted logins with suspected user names, then used SQL injection to gain access to valid login IDs
D. The Hacker attempted Session Hijacking, in which the hacker opened an account with the bank, then logged in to receive a session ID, guessed the next ID and took over Jason’s session.
Answer: C
Explanation: Typing things like ‘ or 1=1 – in the login field is evidence of a hacker trying out if the system is vulnerable to SQL injection.
Topic 15, Hacking Wireless Networks
Q7. What are the limitations of Vulnerability scanners? (Select 2 answers)
A. There are often better at detecting well-known vulnerabilities than more esoteric ones
B. The scanning speed of their scanners are extremely high
C. It is impossible for any, one scanning product to incorporate all known vulnerabilities in a timely manner
D. The more vulnerabilities detected, the more tests required
E. They are highly expensive and require per host scan license
Answer: AC
Q8. You are gathering competitive intelligence on an organization. You notice that they have jobs listed on a few Internet job-hunting sites. There are two jobs for network and system administrators. How can this help you in foot printing the organization?
A. To learn about the IP range used by the target network
B. To identify the number of employees working for the company
C. To test the limits of the corporate security policy enforced in the company
D. To learn about the operating systems, services and applications used on the network
Answer: D
Q9. Sara is using the nslookup command to craft queries to list all DNS information (such as Name Servers, host names, MX records, CNAME records, glue records (delegation for child Domains), zone serial number, TimeToLive (TTL) records, etc) for a Domain. What do you think Sara is trying to accomplish? Select the best answer.
A. A zone harvesting
B. A zone transfer
C. A zone update
D. A zone estimate
Answer: B
Explanation: The zone transfer is the method a secondary DNS server uses to update its information from the primary DNS server. DNS servers within a domain are organized using a master-slave method where the slaves get updated DNS information from the master DNS. One should configure the master DNS server to allow zone transfers only from secondary (slave) DNS servers but this is often not implemented. By connecting to a specific DNS server and successfully issuing the ls –d domain-name > file-name you have initiated a zone transfer.
Q10. Jason is the network administrator of Spears Technology. He has enabled SNORT IDS to detect attacks going through his network. He receives Snort SMS alerts on his iPhone whenever there is an attempted intrusion to his network.
He receives the following SMS message during the weekend.
An attacker Chew Siew sitting in Beijing, China had just launched a remote scan on Jason's network with the hping command.
Which of the following hping2 command is responsible for the above snort alert?
A. chenrocks:/home/siew # hping -S -R -P -A -F -U 192.168.2.56 -p 22 -c 5 -t 118
B. chenrocks:/home/siew # hping -F -Q -J -A -C -W 192.168.2.56 -p 22 -c 5 -t 118
C. chenrocks:/home/siew # hping -D -V -R -S -Z -Y 192.168.2.56 -p 22 -c 5 -t 118
D. chenrocks:/home/siew # hping -G -T -H -S -L -W 192.168.2.56 -p 22 -c 5 -t 118
Answer: A
Q11. Which of the following wireless technologies can be detected by NetStumbler? (Select all that apply)
A. 802.11b
B. 802.11e
C. 802.11a
D. 802.11g
E. 802.11
Answer: ACD
Explanation: If you check the website, cards for all three (A, B, G) are supported. See: http://www.stumbler.net/
Q12. Exhibit:
Please study the exhibit carefully.
Which Protocol maintains the communication on that way?
A. UDP
B. IP
C. TCP
D. ARP
E. RARP
Answer: C
Explanation: A TCP connection is always initiated with the 3-way handshake, which establishes and negotiates the actual connection over which data will be sent.
Q13. Which of the following is true of the wireless Service Set ID (SSID)? (Select all that apply.)
A. Identifies the wireless network
B. Acts as a password for network access
C. Should be left at the factory default setting
D. Not broadcasting the SSID defeats NetStumbler and other wireless discovery tools
Answer: AB
Q14. How would you describe a simple yet very effective mechanism for sending and receiving unauthorized information or data between machines without alerting any firewalls and IDS's on a network?
A. Covert Channel
B. Crafted Channel
C. Bounce Channel
D. Deceptive Channel
Answer: A
Explanation: A covert channel is described as: "any communication channel that can be exploited by a process to transfer information in a manner that violates the systems security policy."
Essentially, it is a method of communication that is not part of an actual computer system design, but can be used to transfer information to users or system processes that normally would not be allowed access to the information.
Q15. You have installed antivirus software and you want to be sure that your AV signatures are working correctly. You don't want to risk the deliberate introduction of a live virus to test the AV software. You would like to write a harmless test virus, which is based on the European Institute for Computer Antivirus Research format that can be detected by the AV software.
How should you proceed?
A. Type the following code in notepad and save the file as SAMPLEVIRUS.COM. Your antivirus program springs into action whenever you attempt to open, run or copy it. X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$SAMPLEVIRUS-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*
B. Type the following code in notepad and save the file as AVFILE.COM. Your antivirus program springs into action whenever you attempt to open, run or copy it. X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$AVFILE-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*
C. Type the following code in notepad and save the file as TESTAV.COM. Your antivirus program springs into action whenever you attempt to open, run or copy it. X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$TESTAV-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*
D. Type the following code in notepad and save the file as EICAR.COM. Your antivirus program springs into action whenever you attempt to open, run or copy it. X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*
Answer: D
Explanation: The EICAR test file (official name: EICAR Standard Anti-Virus Test File) is a file, developed by the European Institute for Computer Antivirus Research, to test the response of computer antivirus (AV) programs. The rationale behind it is to allow people, companies, and AV programmers to test their software without having to use a real computer virus that could cause actual damage should the AV not respond correctly. EICAR likens the use of a live virus to test AV software to setting a fire in a trashcan to test a fire alarm, and promotes the EICAR test file as a safe alternative.