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Q1. Which of the following ICMP message types are used for destinations unreachables?
A. 0
B. 3
C. 11
D. 13
E. 17
Answer: B
Explanation: Type 3 messages are used for unreachable messages. 0 is Echo Reply, 8 is Echo request, 11 is time exceeded, 13 is timestamp and 17 is subnet mask request. Learning these would be advisable for the test.
Q2. You have just installed a new Linux file server at your office. This server is going to be used by several individuals in the organization, and unauthorized personnel must not be able to modify any data.
What kind of program can you use to track changes to files on the server?
A. Network Based IDS (NIDS)
B. Personal Firewall
C. System Integrity Verifier (SIV)
D. Linux IP Chains
Answer: C
Explanation: System Integrity Verifiers like Tripwire aids system administrators and users in monitoring a designated set of files for any changes. Used with system files on a regular (e.g., daily) basis, Tripwire can notify system administrators of corrupted or tampered files, so damage control measures can be taken in a timely manner.
Q3. What hacking attack is challenge/response authentication used to prevent?
A. Replay attacks
B. Scanning attacks
C. Session hijacking attacks
D. Password cracking attacks
Answer: A
Explanation: A replay attack is a form of network attack in which a valid data transmission is maliciously or fraudulently repeated or delayed. This is carried out either by the originator or by an adversary who intercepts the data and retransmits it. With a challenge/response authentication you ensure that captured packets can’t be retransmitted without a new authentication.
Q4. Exhibit:
You are conducting pen-test against a company’s website using SQL Injection techniques. You enter “anuthing or 1=1-“ in the username filed of an authentication form. This is the output returned from the server.
What is the next step you should do?
A. Identify the user context of the web application by running_
http://www.example.com/order/include_rsa_asp?pressReleaseID=5
AND
USER_NAME() = ‘dbo’
B. Identify the database and table name by running:
http://www.example.com/order/include_rsa.asp?pressReleaseID=5 AND ascii(lower(substring((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype=’U’),1))) > 109
C. Format the C: drive and delete the database by running: http://www.example.com/order/include_rsa.asp?pressReleaseID=5 AND xp_cmdshell ‘format c: /q /yes ‘; drop database myDB; --
D. Reboot the web server by running: http://www.example.com/order/include_rsa.asp?pressReleaseID=5 AND xp_cmdshell ‘iisreset –reboot’; --
Answer: A
Q5. You are trying to compromise a Linux Machine and steal the password hashes for cracking with password brute forcing program. Where is the password file kept is Linux?
A. /etc/shadow
B. /etc/passwd
C. /bin/password
D. /bin/shadow
Answer: A
Explanation: /etc/shadow file stores actual password in encrypted format for user’s account with additional properties related to user password i.e. it stores secure user account information. All fields are separated by a colon (:) symbol. It contains one entry per line for each user listed in /etc/passwd file.
Topic 19, Evading IDS, Firewalls and Honeypots
459. Exhibit
Study the log given in the exhibit,
Precautionary measures to prevent this attack would include writing firewall rules. Of these firewall rules, which among the following would be appropriate?
A. Disallow UDP 53 in from outside to DNS server
B. Allow UDP 53 in from DNS server to outside
C. Disallow TCP 53 in from secondaries or ISP server to DNS server
D. Block all UDP traffic
Q6. You are the security administrator for a large network. You want to prevent attackers from running any sort of traceroute into your DMZ and discover the internal structure of publicly accessible areas of the network.
How can you achieve this?
A. Block ICMP at the firewall.
B. Block UDP at the firewall.
C. Both A and B.
D. There is no way to completely block doing a trace route into this area.
Answer: D
Explanation: When you run a traceroute to a target network address, you send a UDP packet with one time to live (TTL) to the target address. The first router this packet hits decreases the TTL to 0 and rejects the packet. Now the TTL for the packet is expired. The router sends back an ICMP message type 11 (Exceeded) code 0 (TTL--Exceeded) packet to your system with a source address. Your system displays the round-trip time for that first hop and sends out the next UDP packet with a TTL of 2.This process continues until you receive an ICMP message type 3 (Unreachable) code 3 (Port--Unreachable) from the destination system. Traceroute is completed when your machine receives a Port-Unreachable message.If you receive a message with three asterisks [* * *] during the traceroute, a router in the path doesn't return ICMP messages. Traceroute will continue to send UDP packets until the destination is reached or the maximum number of hops is exceeded.
Q7. What are the three phases involved in security testing?
A. Reconnaissance, Conduct, Report
B. Reconnaissance, Scanning, Conclusion
C. Preparation, Conduct, Conclusion
D. Preparation, Conduct, Billing
Answer: C
Explanation: Preparation phase - A formal contract is executed containing non-disclosure of the client's data and legal protection for the tester. At a minimum, it also lists the IP addresses to be tested and time to test. Conduct phase - In this phase the penetration test is executed, with the tester looking for potential vulnerabilities. Conclusion phase - The results of the evaluation are communicated to the pre-defined organizational contact, and corrective action is advised.
Q8. Steven, a security analyst for XYZ associates, is analyzing packets captured by Ethereal on a Linux Server inside his network when the server starts to slow down tremendously. Steven examines the following Ethereal captures:
A. Smurf Attack
B. ARP Spoofing
C. Ping of Death
D. SYN Flood
Answer: A
Explanation: A perpetrator is sending a large amount of ICMP echo (ping) traffic to IP broadcast addresses, all of it having a spoofed source address of the intended victim. If the routing device delivering traffic to those broadcast addresses performs the IP broadcast to layer 2 broadcast function, most hosts on that IP network will take the ICMP echo request and reply to it with an echo reply, multiplying the traffic by the number of hosts responding.
Topic 9, Social Engineering
303. Your boss at ABC.com asks you what are the three stages of Reverse Social Engineering.
A. Sabotage, advertising, Assisting
B. Sabotage, Advertising, Covering
C. Sabotage, Assisting, Billing D. Sabotage, Advertising, Covering
Q9. You are scanning into the target network for the first time. You find very few conventional ports open. When you attempt to perform traditional service identification by connecting to the open ports, it yields either unreliable or no results. You are unsure of which protocols are being used. You need to discover as many different protocols as possible.
Which kind of scan would you use to achieve this? (Choose the best answer)
A. Nessus scan with TCP based pings.
B. Nmap scan with the –sP (Ping scan) switch.
C. Netcat scan with the –u –e switches.
D. Nmap with the –sO (Raw IP packets) switch.
Answer: D
Explanation: Running Nmap with the –sO switch will do a IP Protocol Scan. The IP protocol scan is a bit different than the other nmap scans. The IP protocol scan is searching for additional IP protocols in use by the remote station, such as ICMP, TCP, and UDP. If a router is scanned, additional IP protocols such as EGP or IGP may be identified.
Q10. Bob has been hired to perform a penetration test on ABC.com. He begins by looking at IP address ranges owned by the company and details of domain name registration. He then goes to News Groups and financial web sites to see if they are leaking any sensitive information of have any technical details online.
Within the context of penetration testing methodology, what phase is Bob involved with?
A. Passive information gathering
B. Active information gathering
C. Attack phase
D. Vulnerability Mapping
Answer: A
Explanation: He is gathering information and as long as he doesn’t make contact with any of the targets systems he is considered gathering this information in a passive mode.
Q11. What is the default Password Hash Algorithm used by NTLMv2?
A. MD4
B. DES
C. SHA-1
D. MD5
Answer: D
Q12. You went to great lengths to install all the necessary technologies to prevent hacking attacks, such as expensive firewalls, antivirus software, anti-spam systems and intrusion detection/prevention tools in your company's network. You have configured the most secure policies and tightened every device on your network. You are confident that hackers will never be able to gain access to your network with complex security system in place. Your peer, Peter Smith who works at the same department disagrees with you. He says even the best network security technologies cannot prevent hackers gaining access to the network because of presence of "weakest link" in the security chain. What is Peter Smith talking about?
A. Untrained staff or ignorant computer users who inadvertently become the weakest link in your security chain
B. "zero-day" exploits are the weakest link in the security chain since the IDS will not be able to detect these attacks
C. "Polymorphic viruses" are the weakest link in the security chain since the Anti-Virus scanners will not be able to detect these attacks
D. Continuous Spam e-mails cannot be blocked by your security system since spammers use different techniques to bypass the filters in your gateway
Answer: A
Q13. Which of the following tools are used for footprinting?(Choose four.
A. Sam Spade
B. NSLookup
C. Traceroute
D. Neotrace
E. Cheops
Answer: ABCD
Explanation: All of the tools listed are used for footprinting except Cheops.
Q14. Web servers are often the most targeted and attacked hosts on organizations' networks. Attackers may exploit software bugs in the Web server, underlying operating system, or active content to gain unauthorized access.
Identify the correct statement related to the above Web Server installation?
A. Lack of proper security policy, procedures and maintenance
B. Bugs in server software, OS and web applications
C. Installing the server with default settings
D. Unpatched security flaws in the server software, OS and applications
Answer: C
Q15. Fred is scanning his network to ensure it is as secure as possible. Fred sends a TCP probe packet to a host with a FIN flag and he receives a RST/ACK response. What does this mean?
A. This response means the port he is scanning is open.
B. The RST/ACK response means the port Fred is scanning is disabled.
C. This means the port he is scanning is half open.
D. This means that the port he is scanning on the host is closed.
Answer: D