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Q1. - (Topic 2)
A user is trying to delete an Auto Scaling group from CLI. Which of the below mentioned steps are to be performed by the user?
A. Terminate the instances with the ec2-terminate-instance command
B. Terminate the Auto Scaling instances with the as-terminate-instance command
C. Set the minimum size and desired capacity to 0
D. There is no need to change the capacity. Run the as-delete-group command and it will reset all values to 0
Answer: C
Explanation:
If the user wants to delete the Auto Scaling group, the user should manually set the values of the minimum and desired capacity to 0. Otherwise Auto Scaling will not allow for the deletion of the group from CLI. While trying from the AWS console, the user need not set
the values to 0 as the Auto Scaling console will automatically do so.
Q2. - (Topic 3)
A user has setup a CloudWatch alarm on the EC2 instance for CPU utilization. The user has setup to receive a notification on email when the CPU utilization is higher than 60%. The user is running a virus scan on the same instance at a particular time. The user wants to avoid receiving an email at this time. What should the user do?
A. Remove the alarm
B. Disable the alarm for a while using CLI
C. Modify the CPU utilization by removing the email alert
D. Disable the alarm for a while using the console
Answer: B
Explanation:
Amazon CloudWatch alarm watches a single metric over a time period that the user specifies and performs one or more actions based on the value of the metric relative to a given threshold over a number of time periods. When the user has setup an alarm and it is know that for some unavoidable event the status may change to Alarm, the user can disable the alarm using the DisableAlarmActions API or from the command line mon-disable-alarm-actions.
Q3. - (Topic 3)
A user has provisioned 2000 IOPS to the EBS volume. The application hosted on that EBS is experiencing less IOPS than provisioned. Which of the below mentioned options does not affect the IOPS of the volume?
A. The application does not have enough IO for the volume
B. The instance is EBS optimized
C. The EC2 instance has 10 Gigabit Network connectivity
D. The volume size is too large
Answer: D
Explanation:
When the application does not experience the expected IOPS or throughput of the PIOPS EBS volume that was provisioned, the possible root cause could be that the EC2 bandwidth is the limiting factor and the instance might not be either EBS-optimized or might not have 10 Gigabit network connectivity. Another possible cause for not experiencing the expected IOPS could also be that the user is not driving enough I/O to the EBS volumes. The size of the volume may not affect IOPS.
Q4. - (Topic 3)
A user has created a VPC with public and private subnets using the VPC wizard. Which of the below mentioned statements is not true in this scenario?
A. The VPC will create a routing instance and attach it with a public subnet
B. The VPC will create two subnets
C. The VPC will create one internet gateway and attach it to VPC
D. The VPC will launch one NAT instance with an elastic IP
Answer: A
Explanation:
A user can create a subnet with VPC and launch instances inside that subnet. If the user has created a public private subnet, the instances in the public subnet can receive inbound traffic directly from the internet, whereas the instances in the private subnet cannot. If these subnets are created with Wizard, AWS will create a NAT instance with an elastic IP. Wizard will also create two subnets with route tables. It will also create an internet gateway and attach it to the VPC.
Q5. - (Topic 2)
A user has created an ELB with the availability zone US-East-1A. The user wants to add more zones to ELB to achieve High Availability. How can the user add more zones to the existing ELB?
A. It is not possible to add more zones to the existing ELB
B. The only option is to launch instances in different zones and add to ELB
C. The user should stop the ELB and add zones and instances as required
D. The user can add zones on the fly from the AWS console
Answer: D
Explanation:
The user has created an Elastic Load Balancer with the availability zone and wants to add more zones to the existing ELB. The user can do so in two ways:
From the console or CLI, add new zones to ELB;
Launch instances in a separate AZ and add instances to the existing ELB.
Q6. - (Topic 3)
A user is trying to create a PIOPS EBS volume with 8 GB size and 200 IOPS. Will AWS create the volume?
A. Yes, since the ratio between EBS and IOPS is less than 30
B. No, since the PIOPS and EBS size ratio is less than 30
C. No, the EBS size is less than 10 GB
D. Yes, since PIOPS is higher than 100
Answer: C
Explanation:
A provisioned IOPS EBS volume can range in size from 10 GB to 1 TB and the user can provision up to 4000 IOPS per volume. The ratio of IOPS provisioned to the volume size requested should be a maximum of 30; for example, a volume with 3000 IOPS must be at least 100 GB.
Q7. - (Topic 2)
A user has enabled detailed CloudWatch metric monitoring on an Auto Scaling group. Which of the below
mentioned metrics will help the user identify the total number of instances in an Auto Scaling group cluding pending, terminating and running instances?
A. GroupTotalInstances
B. GroupSumInstances
C. It is not possible to get a count of all the three metrics together. The user has to find the individual number of running, terminating and pending instances and sum it
D. GroupInstancesCount
Answer: A
Explanation:
CloudWatch is used to monitor AWS as well as the custom services. For Auto Scaling, CloudWatch provides various metrics to get the group information, such as the Number of Pending, Running or Terminating instances at any moment. If the user wants to get the total number of Running, Pending and Terminating instances at any moment, he can use the GroupTotalInstances metric.
Q8. - (Topic 2)
An organization has setup consolidated billing with 3 different AWS accounts. Which of the below mentioned advantages will organization receive in terms of the AWS pricing?
A. The consolidated billing does not bring any cost advantage for the organization
B. All AWS accounts will be charged for S3 storage by combining the total storage of each account
C. The EC2 instances of each account will receive a total of 750*3 micro instance hours free
D. The free usage tier for all the 3 accounts will be 3 years and not a single year
Answer: B
Explanation:
AWS consolidated billing enables the organization to consolidate payments for multiple Amazon Web Services (AWS. accounts within a single organization by making a single paying account. For billing purposes, AWS treats all the accounts on the consolidated bill as one account. Some services, such as Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3 have volume pricing tiers across certain usage dimensions that give the user lower prices when he uses the service more.
Q9. - (Topic 2)
An organization has added 3 of his AWS accounts to consolidated billing. One of the AWS accounts has
purchased a Reserved Instance (RI. of a small instance size in the US-East-1a zone. All other AWS accounts are running instances of a small size in the same zone. What will happen in this case for the RI pricing?
A. Only the account that has purchased the RI will get the advantage of RI pricing
B. One instance of a small size and running in the US-East-1a zone of each AWS account will get the benefit of RI pricing
C. Any single instance from all the three accounts can get the benefit of AWS RI pricing if they are running in the same zone and are of the same size
D. If there are more than one instances of a small size running across multiple accounts in the same zone no one will get the benefit of RI
Answer: C
Explanation:
AWS consolidated billing enables the organization to consolidate payments for multiple Amazon Web Services (AWS. accounts within a single organization by making a single paying account. For billing purposes, consolidated billing treats all the accounts on the consolidated bill as one account. This means that all accounts on a consolidated bill can receive the hourly cost benefit of the Amazon EC2 Reserved Instances purchased by any other account. In this case only one Reserved Instance has been purchased by one account. Thus, only a single instance from any of the accounts will get the advantage of RI. AWS will implement the blended rate for each instance if more than one instance is running concurrently.
Q10. - (Topic 3)
A user has created an application which will be hosted on EC2. The application makes calls to DynamoDB to fetch certain data. The application is using the DynamoDB SDK to connect with from the EC2 instance. Which of the below mentioned statements is true with respect to the best practice for security in this scenario?
A. The user should attach an IAM role with DynamoDB access to the EC2 instance
B. The user should create an IAM user with DynamoDB access and use its credentials within the application to connect with DynamoDB
C. The user should create an IAM role, which has EC2 access so that it will allow deploying the application
D. The user should create an IAM user with DynamoDB and EC2 access. Attach the user with the application so that it does not use the root account credentials
Answer: A
Explanation:
With AWS IAM a user is creating an application which runs on an EC2 instance and makes requests to AWS, such as DynamoDB or S3 calls. Here it is recommended that the user should not create an IAM user and pass the user's credentials to the application or embed those credentials inside the application. Instead, the user should use roles for EC2 and give that role access to DynamoDB /S3. When the roles are attached to EC2, it will give temporary security credentials to the application hosted on that EC2, to connect with DynamoDB / S3.
Q11. - (Topic 3)
How can an EBS volume that is currently attached to an EC2 instance be migrated from one Availability Zone to another?
A. Simply create a new volume in the other AZ and specify the original volume as the source.
B. Detach the volume, then use the ec2-migrate-volume command to move it to another AZ.
C. Create a snapshot of the volume, and create a new volume from the snapshot in the other AZ.
D. Detach the volume and attach it to another EC2 instance in the other AZ.
Answer: D
Explanation: Reference:
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/EBSVolumes.html
Q12. - (Topic 3)
A user has launched an EC2 instance. The instance got terminated as soon as it was launched. Which of the below mentioned options is not a possible reason for this?
A. The user account has reached the maximum EC2 instance limit
B. The snapshot is corrupt
C. The AMI is missing. It is the required part
D. The user account has reached the maximum volume limit
Answer: A
Explanation:
When the user account has reached the maximum number of EC2 instances, it will not be allowed to launch an instance. AWS will throw an ‘InstanceLimitExceeded’ error. For all other reasons, such as “AMI is missing part”, “Corrupt Snapshot” or ”Volume limit has reached” it will launch an EC2 instance and then terminate it.
Q13. - (Topic 1)
An organization's security policy requires multiple copies of all critical data to be replicated across at least a primary and backup data center. The organization has decided to store some critical data on Amazon S3.
Which option should you implement to ensure this requirement is met?
A. Use the S3 copy API to replicate data between two S3 buckets in different regions
B. You do not need to implement anything since S3 data is automatically replicated between regions C. Use the S3 copy API to replicate data between two S3 buckets in different facilities within an AWS Region
D. You do not need to implement anything since S3 data is automatically replicated between multiple facilities within an AWS Region
Answer: D
Q14. - (Topic 2)
A user has created a VPC with CIDR 20.0.0.0/16 using the wizard. The user has created a public subnet CIDR (20.0.0.0/24. and VPN only subnets CIDR (20.0.1.0/24. along with the VPN gateway (vgw-12345. to connect to the user’s data centre. Which of the below mentioned options is a valid entry for the main route table in this scenario?
A. Destination: 20.0.0.0/24 and Target: vgw-12345
B. Destination: 20.0.0.0/16 and Target: ALL
C. Destination: 20.0.1.0/16 and Target: vgw-12345
D. Destination: 0.0.0.0/0 and Target: vgw-12345
Answer: D
Explanation:
The user can create subnets as per the requirement within a VPC. If the user wants to connect VPC from his own data centre, he can setup a public and VPN only subnet which uses hardware VPN access to connect with his data centre. When the user has configured this setup with Wizard, it will create a virtual private gateway to route all traffic of the VPN subnet. Here are the valid entries for the main route table in this scenario: Destination: 0.0.0.0/0 & Target: vgw-12345 (To route all internet traffic to the VPN gateway. Destination: 20.0.0.0/16 & Target: local (To allow local routing in VPC.
Q15. - (Topic 1)
You have two Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instances inside a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in the same Availability Zone (AZ) but in different subnets. One instance is running a database and the other instance an application that will interface with the database. You want to confirm that they can talk to each other for your application to work properly.
Which two things do we need to confirm in the VPC settings so that these EC2 instances can communicate inside the VPC? Choose 2 answers
A. A network ACL that allows communication between the two subnets.
B. Both instances are the same instance class and using the same Key-pair.
C. That the default route is set to a NAT instance or internet Gateway (IGW) for them to communicate.
D. Security groups are set to allow the application host to talk to the database on the right port/protocol.
Answer: A,D
Q16. - (Topic 3)
A user has configured Auto Scaling with the minimum capacity as 2 and the desired capacity as 2. The user is trying to terminate one of the existing instance with the command:
as-terminate-instance-in-auto-scaling-group<Instance ID> --decrement-desired-capacity
What will Auto Scaling do in this scenario?
A. Terminates the instance and does not launch a new instance
B. Terminates the instance and updates the desired capacity to 1
C. Terminates the instance and updates the desired capacity and minimum size to 1
D. Throws an error
Answer: D
Explanation:
The Auto Scaling command as-terminate-instance-in-auto-scaling-group <Instance ID> will terminate the specific instance ID. The user is required to specify the parameter as --decrement-desired-capacity. Then Auto Scaling will terminate the instance and decrease the desired capacity by 1. In this case since the minimum size is 2, Auto Scaling will not allow the desired capacity to go below 2. Thus, it will throw an error.