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NEW QUESTION 1
A user has a laptop configured with multiple operating system installations. The operating systems are all installed on a single SSD, but each has its own partition and logical volume. Which of the following is the BEST way to ensure confidentiality of individual operating system data?
Answer: A
Explanation: In this question, we have multiple operating system installations on a single disk. Some operating systems store their boot loader in the MBR of the disk. However, some operating systems install their boot loader outside the MBR especially when multiple operating systems are installed. We need to encrypt as much data as possible but we cannot encrypt the boot loaders. This would prevent the operating systems from loading.
Therefore, the solution is to encrypt each individual partition separately. Incorrect Answers:
B: The question is asking for the BEST way to ensure confidentiality of individual operating system dat
A. Individual file encryption could work but if files are ever added to the operating systems (for updates etc.), you would have to manually encrypt the new files as well. A better solution would be to encrypt the entire partition. That way any new files added to the operating system would be automatically encrypted.
C: You cannot perform full disk encryption on an individual volume. Full disk encryption encrypts the entire disk.
D: FDE of the entire SSD as a single disk would encrypt the boot loaders which would prevent the operating systems from booting.
NEW QUESTION 2
A large organization has recently suffered a massive credit card breach. During the months of Incident Response, there were multiple attempts to assign blame for whose fault it was that the incident occurred. In which part of the incident response phase would this be addressed in a controlled and productive manner?
Answer: B
Explanation: The Lessons Learned phase is the final step in the Incident Response process, when everyone involved reviews what happened and why.
Incorrect Answers:
A: The Identification Phase is the second step in the Incident Response process that deals with the detection of events and incidents.
C: The Containment Phase is the third step in the Incident Response process that deals with the planning, training, and execution of the incident response plan.
D: The Preparation Phase is the first step in the Incident Response process that deals with policies and procedures required to attend to the potential of security incidents.
References:
Gregg, Michael, and Billy Haines, CASP CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner Study Guide, John Wiley & Sons, Indianapolis, 2012, p. 249
NEW QUESTION 3
A company’s existing forward proxies support software-based TLS decryption, but are currently at 60% load just dealing with AV scanning and content analysis for HTTP traffic. More than 70% outbound web traffic is currently encrypted. The switching and routing network infrastructure precludes adding capacity, preventing the installation of a dedicated TLS decryption system. The network firewall infrastructure is currently at 30% load and has software decryption modules that
can be activated by purchasing additional license keys. An existing project is rolling out agent updates to end-user desktops as part of an endpoint security refresh.
Which of the following is the BEST way to address these issues and mitigate risks to the organization?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 4
One of the objectives of a bank is to instill a security awareness culture. Which of the following are techniques that could help to achieve this? (Choose two.)
Answer: BE
NEW QUESTION 5
A critical system audit shows that the payroll system is not meeting security policy due to missing OS security patches. Upon further review, it appears that the system is not being patched at all. The vendor states that the system is only supported on the current OS patch level. Which of the following compensating controls should be used to mitigate the vulnerability of missing OS patches on this system?
Answer: A
Explanation: The payroll system is not meeting security policy due to missing OS security patches. We cannot apply the patches to the system because the vendor states that the system is only supported on the current OS patch level. Therefore, we need another way of securing the system.
We can improve the security of the system and the other systems on the network by isolating the payroll system on a secure network to limit its contact with other systems. This will reduce the likelihood of a malicious user accessing the payroll system and limit any damage to other systems if the payroll system is attacked.
Incorrect Answers:
B: An application layer firewall may provide some protection to the application. However, the operating system is vulnerable due to being unpatched. It is unlikely that an application layer firewall will protect against the operating system vulnerabilities.
C: Monitoring the system’s security log for unauthorized access to the payroll application will not actually provide any protection against unauthorized access. It would just enable you to see that unauthorized access has occurred.
D: Reconciling the payroll transactions on a daily basis would keep the accounts up to date but it would provide no protection for the system and so does not mitigate the vulnerability of missing OS patches as required in this question.
NEW QUESTION 6
A consulting firm was hired to conduct assessment for a company. During the first stage, a penetration tester used a tool that provided the following output:
TCP 80 open
TCP 443 open
TCP 1434 filtered
The penetration tester then used a different tool to make the following requests:
GET / script/login.php?token=45$MHT000MND876
GET / script/login.php?token=@#984DCSPQ%091DF
Which of the following tools did the penetration tester use?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 7
ABC Corporation has introduced token-based authentication to system administrators due to the risk of password compromise. The tokens have a set of HMAC counter-based codes and are valid until they are used. Which of the following types of authentication mechanisms does this statement describe?
Answer: D
Explanation: The question states that the HMAC counter-based codes and are valid until they are used. These are “one-time” use codes.
HOTP is an HMAC-based one-time password (OTP) algorithm.
HOTP can be used to authenticate a user in a system via an authentication server. Also, if some more steps are carried out (the server calculates subsequent OTP value and sends/displays it to the user who checks it against subsequent OTP value calculated by his token), the user can also authenticate the validation server.
Both hardware and software tokens are available from various vendors. Hardware tokens implementing OATH HOTP tend to be significantly cheaper than their competitors based on proprietary algorithms. Some products can be used for strong passwords as well as OATH HOTP. Software tokens are available for (nearly) all major mobile/smartphone platforms.
Incorrect Answers:
A: TOTP is Time-based One-time Password. This is similar to the one-time password system used in this question. However, TOTPs expire after a period of time. In this question, the passwords (codes) expire after first use regardless of the timing of the first use.
B: PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) is a simple authentication protocol in which the user name and password is sent to a remote access server in a plaintext (unencrypted) form. PAP is not what is described in this question.
C: CHAP (Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol) is an authentication protocol that provides protection against replay attacks by the peer through the use of an incrementally changing identifier and of a variable challenge-value. CHAP requires that both the client and server know the plaintext of the secret, although it is never sent over the network. CHAP is not what is described in this question.
References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC-based_One-time_HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAC-based_One-time_Password_Algorithm"Password_Algorithm
NEW QUESTION 8
Ann is testing the robustness of a marketing website through an intercepting proxy. She has intercepted the following HTTP request:
POST /login.aspx HTTP/1.1 Host: comptia.org
Content-type: text/html txtUsername=ann&txtPassword=ann&alreadyLoggedIn=false&submit=true
Which of the following should Ann perform to test whether the website is susceptible to a simple authentication bypass?
Answer: C
Explanation: The text “txtUsername=ann&txtPassword=ann” is an attempted login using a username of ‘ann’ and also a password of ‘ann’.
The text “alreadyLoggedIn=false” is saying that Ann is not already logged in.
To test whether we can bypass the authentication, we can attempt the login without the password
and we can see if we can bypass the ‘alreadyloggedin’ check by changing alreadyLoggedIn from false to true. If we are able to log in, then we have bypassed the authentication check.
Incorrect Answers:
A: GET /login.aspx would just return the login form. This does not test whether the website is susceptible to a simple authentication bypass.
B: We do not want to guess the usernames and passwords. We want to see if we can get into the site without authentication.
D: We need to submit the data so we cannot toggle submit from true to false.
NEW QUESTION 9
An IT manager is concerned about the cost of implementing a web filtering solution in an effort to mitigate the risks associated with malware and resulting data leakage. Given that the ARO is twice per year, the ALE resulting from a data leak is $25,000 and the ALE after implementing the web filter is $15,000. The web filtering solution will cost the organization $10,000 per year. Which of the following values is the single loss expectancy of a data leakage event after implementing the web filtering solution?
Answer: B
Explanation: The annualized loss expectancy (ALE) is the product of the annual rate of occurrence (ARO) and the single loss expectancy (SLE). It is mathematically expressed as: ALE = ARO x SLE
Single Loss Expectancy (SLE) is mathematically expressed as: Asset value (AV) x Exposure Factor (EF) SLE = AV x EF - Thus the Single Loss Expectancy (SLE) = ALE/ARO = $15,000 / 2 = $ 7,500 References:
http://www.financeformulas.net/Return_on_Investment.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_assessment
NEW QUESTION 10
Company XYZ has purchased and is now deploying a new HTML5 application. The company wants to hire a penetration tester to evaluate the security of the client and server components of the
proprietary web application before launch. Which of the following is the penetration tester MOST likely to use while performing black box testing of the security of the company’s purchased
application? (Select TWO).
Answer: CD
Explanation: C: Local proxy will work by proxying traffic between the web client and the web server. This is a tool that can be put to good effect in this case.
D: Fuzzing is another form of blackbox testing and works by feeding a program multiple input iterations that are specially written to trigger an internal error that might indicate a bug and crash it. Incorrect Answers:
A: A Code review refers to the examination of an application (the new HTML5 application in this case) that is designed to identify and assess threats to the organization. But this is not the most likely test to be carried out when performing black box testing.
B: Application sandboxing refers to the process of writing files to a temporary storage are (the socalled sandbox) so that you limit the ability of possible malicious code to execute on your computer.
E: Port scanning is used to scan TCP and UDP ports and report on their status. You can thus determine which services are running on a targeted computer.
References:
Gregg, Michael, and Billy Haines, CASP CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner Study Guide, John Wiley & Sons, Indianapolis, 2012, pp. 147, 154, 168-169, 174
NEW QUESTION 11
An educational institution would like to make computer labs available to remote students. The labs are used for various IT networking, security, and programming courses. The requirements are: Each lab must be on a separate network segment.
Labs must have access to the Internet, but not other lab networks.
Student devices must have network access, not simple access to hosts on the lab networks. Students must have a private certificate installed before gaining access.
Servers must have a private certificate installed locally to provide assurance to the students. All students must use the same VPN connection profile.
Which of the following components should be used to achieve the design in conjunction with directory services?
Answer: C
Explanation: IPSec VPN with mutual authentication meets the certificates requirements. RADIUS can be used with the directory service for the user authentication.
ACLs (access control lists) are the best solution for restricting access to network hosts. Incorrect Answers:
A: This solution has no provision for restricting access to hosts on the lab networks. B: This solution has no provision for restricting access to hosts on the lab networks. D: This solution has no provision for restricting access to hosts on the lab networks.
NEW QUESTION 12
A large enterprise with thousands of users is experiencing a relatively high frequency of malicious activity from the insider threats. Much of the activity appears to involve internal reconnaissance that results in targeted attacks against privileged users and network file shares. Given this scenario, which of the following would MOST likely prevent or deter these attacks? (Choose two.)
Answer: CD
NEW QUESTION 13
A penetration tester noticed special characters in a database table. The penetration tester configured the browser to use an HTTP interceptor to verify that the front-end user registration web form accepts invalid input in the user’s age field. The developer was notified and asked to fix the issue. Which of the following is the MOST secure solution for the developer to implement?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 14
The Information Security Officer (ISO) is reviewing new policies that have been recently made effective and now apply to the company. Upon review, the ISO identifies a new requirement to implement two-factor authentication on the company’s wireless system. Due to budget constraints, the company will be unable to implement the requirement for the next two years. The ISO is required to submit a policy exception form to the Chief Information Officer (CIO). Which of the following are MOST important to include when submitting the exception form? (Select THREE).
Answer: ABG
Explanation: The Exception Request must include: A description of the non-compliance.
The anticipated length of non-compliance (2-year maximum). The proposed assessment of risk associated with non-compliance.
The proposed plan for managing the risk associated with non-compliance.
The proposed metrics for evaluating the success of risk management (if risk is significant). The proposed review date to evaluate progress toward compliance.
An endorsement of the request by the appropriate Information Trustee (VP or Dean). Incorrect Answers:
C: The policy exception form is not for implementation, but for non-implementation.
D: All sections of the policy that may justify non-implementation of the requirements is not required, a description of the non-compliance is.
E: A Disaster recovery plan (DRP) and a Continuity of Operations (COOP) plan is not required, a proposed plan for managing the risk associated with non-compliance is.
F: The policy exception form requires justification for not implementing the requirements, not the other way around.
References: http://www.rit.edu/security/sites/rit.edu.security/files/exception%20process.pdf
NEW QUESTION 15
The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) instructed the new Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) to provide a list of enhancements to the company’s cybersecurity operation. As a result, the CISO has identified the need to align security operations with industry best practices. Which of the following industry references is appropriate to accomplish this?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 16
Following a merger, the number of remote sites for a company has doubled to 52. The company has decided to secure each remote site with an NGFW to provide web filtering, NIDS/NIPS, and network antivirus. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) has requested that the security engineer provide recommendations on sizing for the firewall with the requirements that it be easy to manage and provide capacity for growth.
The tables below provide information on a subset of remote sites and the firewall options:
Which of the following would be the BEST option to recommend to the CIO?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 17
A software project manager has been provided with a requirement from the customer to place limits on the types of transactions a given user can initiate without external interaction from another user with elevated privileges. This requirement is BEST described as an implementation of:
Answer: C
Explanation: Separation of duties requires more than one person to complete a task. Incorrect Answers:
A: Administrative controls refer policies, procedures, guidelines, and other documents used by an organization.
B: Dual control forces employees who are planning anything illegal to work together to complete critical actions.
D: The principle of least privilege prevents employees from accessing levels not required to perform their everyday function.
E: Collusion is defined as an agreement which occurs between two or more persons to deceive, mislead, or defraud others of legal rights.
References:
Gregg, Michael, and Billy Haines, CASP CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner Study Guide, John Wiley & Sons, Indianapolis, 2012, pp. 245, 321
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collusion
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