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Q1. An information bank has been established to store contacts, phone numbers and other records. A UNIX application needs to connect to the index server using port 389. Which of the following authentication services should be used on this port by default?
A. RADIUS
B. Kerberos
C. TACACS+
D. LDAP
Answer: D
Explanation:
LDAP makes use of port 389.
Q2. A set of standardized system images with a pre-defined set of applications is used to build end-user workstations. The security administrator has scanned every workstation to create a current inventory of all applications that are installed on active workstations and is documenting which applications are out-of-date and could be exploited. The security administrator is determining the:
A. attack surface.
B. application hardening effectiveness.
C. application baseline.
D. OS hardening effectiveness.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Q3. Which of the following types of application attacks would be used to specifically gain unauthorized information from databases that did not have any input validation implemented?
A. SQL injection
B. Session hijacking and XML injection
C. Cookies and attachments
D. Buffer overflow and XSS
Answer: A
Explanation:
To access information in databases, you use SQL. To gain unauthorized information from databases, a SQL Injection attack is used.
SQL injection is a code injection technique, used to attack data-driven applications, in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution (e.g. to dump the database contents to the attacker). SQL injection must exploit a security vulnerability in an application's software, for example, when user input is either incorrectly filtered for string literal escape characters embedded in SQL statements or user input is not strongly typed and unexpectedly executed. SQL injection is mostly known as an attack vector for websites but can be used to attack any type of SQL database.
Q4. Which of the following is the MOST secure protocol to transfer files?
A. FTP
B. FTPS
C. SSH
D. TELNET
Answer: B
Explanation:
FTPS refers to FTP Secure, or FTP SSL. It is a secure variation of File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
Q5. One of the most consistently reported software security vulnerabilities that leads to major exploits is:
A. Lack of malware detection.
B. Attack surface decrease.
C. Inadequate network hardening.
D. Poor input validation.
Answer: D
Explanation:
D: With coding there are standards that should be observed. Of these standards the most fundamental is input validation. Attacks such as SQL injection depend on unfiltered input being sent through a web application. This makes for a software vulnerability that can be exploited. There are two primary ways to do input validation: client-side validation and server-side validation. Thus with poor input validation you increase your risk with regard to exposure to major software exploits.
Q6. RC4 is a strong encryption protocol that is generally used with which of the following?
A. WPA2 CCMP
B. PEAP
C. WEP
D. EAP-TLS
Answer: C
Explanation:
Q7. Pete, the system administrator, has blocked users from accessing social media web sites. In addition to protecting company information from being accidentally leaked, which additional security benefit does this provide?
A. No competition with the company’s official social presence
B. Protection against malware introduced by banner ads
C. Increased user productivity based upon fewer distractions
D. Elimination of risks caused by unauthorized P2P file sharing
Answer: B
Explanation:
Banner, or header information messages sent with data to find out about the system(s) does happen. Banners often identify the host, the operating system running on it, and other information that can be useful if you are going to attempt to later breach the security of it.
Q8. Based on information leaked to industry websites, business management is concerned that unauthorized employees are accessing critical project information for a major, well-known new product. To identify any such users, the security administrator could:
A. Set up a honeypot and place false project documentation on an unsecure share.
B. Block access to the project documentation using a firewall.
C. Increase antivirus coverage of the project servers.
D. Apply security updates and harden the OS on all project servers.
Answer: A
Explanation:
In this scenario, we would use a honeypot as a ‘trap’ to catch unauthorized employees who are accessing critical project information. A honeypot is a system whose purpose it is to be attacked. An administrator can watch and study
the attack to research current attack methodologies.
According to the Wepopedia.com, a Honeypot luring a hacker into a system has several main
purposes:
The administrator can watch the hacker exploit the vulnerabilities of the system, thereby learning
where the system has weaknesses that need to be redesigned.
The hacker can be caught and stopped while trying to obtain root access to the system.
By studying the activities of hackers, designers can better create more secure systems that are
potentially invulnerable to future hackers.
There are two main types of honeypots:
Production - A production honeypot is one used within an organization's environment to help
mitigate risk.
Research – A research honeypot add value to research in computer security by providing a
platform to study the threat.
Q9. An IT auditor tests an application as an authenticated user. This is an example of which of the following types of testing?
A. Penetration
B. White box
C. Black box
D. Gray box
Answer: D
Explanation:
In this question, the tester is testing the application as an authenticated user. We can assume from this that the tester has at least limited knowledge of the application. This meets the criteria of a grey-box test. Gray box testing, also called gray box analysis, is a strategy for software debugging in which the tester has limited knowledge of the internal details of the program. A gray box is a device, program or system whose workings are partially understood. Gray box testing can be contrasted with black box testing, a scenario in which the tester has no knowledge or access to the internal workings of a program, or white box testing, a scenario in which the internal particulars are fully known. Gray box testing is commonly used in penetration tests. Gray box testing is considered to be non-intrusive and unbiased because it does not require that the tester have access to the source code. With respect to internal processes, gray box testing treats a program as a black box that must be analyzed from the outside. During a gray box test, the person may know how the system components interact but not have detailed knowledge about internal program functions and operation. A clear distinction exists between the developer and the tester, thereby minimizing the risk of personnel conflicts.
Q10. Which of the following is mainly used for remote access into the network?
A. XTACACS
B. TACACS+
C. Kerberos
D. RADIUS
Answer: D
Explanation:
Most gateways that control access to the network have a RADIUS client component that communicates with the RADIUS server. Therefore, it can be inferred that RADIUS is primarily used for remote access.
Q11. Which of the following is characterized by an attack against a mobile device?
A. Evil twin
B. Header manipulation
C. Blue jacking
D. Rogue AP
Answer: C
Explanation:
A bluejacking attack is where unsolicited messages are sent to mobile devices using Bluetooth. Bluejacking is the sending of unsolicited messages over Bluetooth to Bluetooth-enabled devices such as mobile phones, PDAs or laptop computers, sending a vCard which typically contains a message in the name field (i.e., for bluedating or bluechat) to another Bluetooth-enabled device via the OBEX protocol. Bluetooth has a very limited range, usually around 10 metres (32.8 ft) on mobile phones, but laptops can reach up to 100 metres (328 ft) with powerful (Class 1) transmitters. Bluejacking is usually harmless, but because bluejacked people generally don't know what has happened, they may think that their phone is malfunctioning. Usually, a bluejacker will only send a text message, but with modern phones it's possible to send images or sounds as well. Bluejacking has been used in guerrilla marketing campaigns to promote advergames.
Q12. A company has purchased an application that integrates into their enterprise user directory for account authentication. Users are still prompted to type in their usernames and passwords. Which of the following types of authentication is being utilized here?
A. Separation of duties
B. Least privilege
C. Same sign-on
D. Single sign-on
Answer: C
Explanation: Same sign-on requires the users to re-enter their credentials but it allows them to use the same credentials that they use to sign on locally.
Q13. Matt, a security administrator, wants to ensure that the message he is sending does not get intercepted or modified in transit. This concern relates to which of the following concepts?
A. Availability
B. Integrity
C. Accounting
D. Confidentiality
Answer: B
Explanation:
Integrity means ensuring that data has not been altered. Hashing and message authentication codes are the most common methods to accomplish this. In addition, ensuring nonrepudiation via digital signatures supports integrity.
Q14. A security administrator wants to get a real time look at what attackers are doing in the wild, hoping to lower the risk of zero-day attacks. Which of the following should be used to accomplish this goal?
A. Penetration testing
B. Honeynets
C. Vulnerability scanning
D. Baseline reporting
Answer: B
Explanation:
A honeynet is a network set up with intentional vulnerabilities; its purpose is to invite attack, so that an attacker's activities and methods can be studied and that information used to increase network security. A honeynet contains one or more honey pots, which are computer systems on the Internet expressly set up to attract and "trap" people who attempt to penetrate other people's computer systems. Although the primary purpose of a honeynet is to gather information about attackers' methods and motives, the decoy network can benefit its operator in other ways, for example by diverting attackers from a real network and its resources. The Honeynet Project, a non-profit research organization dedicated to computer security and information sharing, actively promotes the deployment of honeynets.
In addition to the honey pots, a honeynet usually has real applications and services so that it seems like a normal network and a worthwhile target. However, because the honeynet doesn't actually serve any authorized users, any attempt to contact the network from without is likely an illicit attempt to breach its security, and any outbound activity is likely evidence that a system has been compromised. For this reason, the suspect information is much more apparent than it would be in an actual network, where it would have to be found amidst all the legitimate network data. Applications within a honeynet are often given names such as "Finances" or "Human Services" to make them sound appealing to the attacker.
A virtual honeynet is one that, while appearing to be an entire network, resides on a single server.
Q15. A user casually browsing the Internet is redirected to a warez site where a number of pop-ups appear. After clicking on a pop-up to complete a survey, a drive-by download occurs. Which of the following is MOST likely to be contained in the download?
A. Backdoor
B. Spyware
C. Logic bomb
D. DDoS
E. Smurf
Answer: B
Explanation: Explanation Spyware is software that is used to gather information about a person or organization without their knowledge and sends that information to another entity. Whenever spyware is used for malicious purposes, its presence is typically hidden from the user and can be difficult to detect. Some spyware, such as keyloggers, may be installed by the owner of a shared, corporate, or public computer intentionally in order to monitor users.