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Q1. A security engineer is reviewing log data and sees the output below:
POST: /payload.php HTTP/1.1 HOST: localhost Accept: */* Referrer: http://localhost/ ******* HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Connection: close
Log: Access denied with 403. Pattern matches form bypass Which of the following technologies was MOST likely being used to generate this log?
A. Host-based Intrusion Detection System
B. Web application firewall
C. Network-based Intrusion Detection System
D. Stateful Inspection Firewall
E. URL Content Filter
Answer: B
Explanation:
A web application firewall is a device, server add-on, virtual service, or system filter that defines a strict set of communication rules for a website and all visitors. It’s intended to be an application-specific firewall to prevent cross-site scripting, SQL injection, and other web application attacks.
Q2. A security engineer, Joe, has been asked to create a secure connection between his mail server and the mail server of a business partner. Which of the following protocol would be MOST appropriate?
A. HTTPS
B. SSH
C. FTP
D. TLS
Answer: D
Explanation: Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide communications security over a computer network. It uses X.509 certificates and hence asymmetric cryptography to authenticate the counterparty with whom it is communicating, and to exchange a symmetric key. The TLS protocol allows client-server applications to communicate across a network in a way designed to prevent eavesdropping and tampering.
Q3. When creating a public / private key pair, for which of the following ciphers would a user need to specify the key strength?
A. SHA
B. AES
C. DES
D. RSA
Answer: D
Explanation:
RSA (an asymmetric algorithm) uses keys of a minimum length of 2048 bits.
Q4. Which of the following is an effective way to ensure the BEST temperature for all equipment within a datacenter?
A. Fire suppression
B. Raised floor implementation
C. EMI shielding
D. Hot or cool aisle containment
Answer: D
Explanation:
There are often multiple rows of servers located in racks in server rooms. The rows of servers are known as aisles, and they can be cooled as hot aisles and cold aisles. With a hot aisle, hot air outlets are used to cool the equipment, whereas with cold aisles, cold air intake is used to cool the equipment. Combining the two, you have cold air intake from below the aisle and hot air outtake above it, providing constant circulation. This is a more effective way of controlling temperature to safeguard your equipment in a data center.
Q5. Which of the following security strategies allows a company to limit damage to internal systems and provides loss control?
A. Restoration and recovery strategies
B. Deterrent strategies
C. Containment strategies
D. Detection strategies
Answer: C
Explanation:
Containment strategies is used to limit damages, contain a loss so that it may be controlled, much like quarantine, and loss incident isolation.
Q6. Which of the following devices would be the MOST efficient way to filter external websites for staff on an internal network?
A. Protocol analyzer
B. Switch
C. Proxy
D. Router
Answer: C
Explanation:
Q7. An administrator has a network subnet dedicated to a group of users. Due to concerns regarding data and network security, the administrator desires to provide network access for this group only. Which of the following would BEST address this desire?
A. Install a proxy server between the users’ computers and the switch to filter inbound network traffic.
B. Block commonly used ports and forward them to higher and unused port numbers.
C. Configure the switch to allow only traffic from computers based upon their physical address.
D. Install host-based intrusion detection software to monitor incoming DHCP Discover requests.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Configuring the switch to allow only traffic from computers based upon their physical address is known as MAC filtering. The physical address is known as the MAC address. Every network adapter has a unique MAC address hardcoded into the adapter. You can configure the ports of a switch to allow connections from computers with specific MAC addresses only and block all other MAC addresses. MAC filtering is commonly used in wireless networks but is considered insecure because a MAC address can be spoofed. However, in a wired network, it is more secure because it would be more difficult for a rogue computer to sniff a MAC address.
Q8. Which of the following application security testing techniques is implemented when an automated system generates random input data?
A. Fuzzing
B. XSRF
C. Hardening
D. Input validation
Answer: A
Explanation:
Fuzzing is a software testing technique that involves providing invalid, unexpected, or random data to as inputs to a computer program. The program is then monitored for exceptions such as crashes, or failed validation, or memory leaks.
Q9. A system administrator has been instructed by the head of security to protect their data at-rest.
Which of the following would provide the strongest protection?
A. Prohibiting removable media
B. Incorporating a full-disk encryption system
C. Biometric controls on data center entry points
D. A host-based intrusion detection system
Answer: B
Explanation:
Full disk encryption can be used to encrypt an entire volume with 128-bit encryption. When the entire volume is encrypted, the data is not accessible to someone who might boot another operating system in an attempt to bypass the computer’s security. Full disk encryption is sometimes referred to as hard drive encryption. This would be best to protect data that is at rest.
Q10. A security administrator wants to perform routine tests on the network during working hours when certain applications are being accessed by the most people. Which of the following would allow the security administrator to test the lack of security controls for those applications with the least impact to the system?
A. Penetration test
B. Vulnerability scan
C. Load testing
D. Port scanner
Answer: B
Explanation:
A vulnerability scan is the process of scanning the network and/or I.T. infrastructure for threats and vulnerabilities. The threats and vulnerabilities are then evaluated in a risk assessment and the necessary actions taken to resolve and vulnerabilities. A vulnerability scan scans for known weaknesses such as missing patches or security updates.
A vulnerability scan is the automated process of proactively identifying security vulnerabilities of computing systems in a network in order to determine if and where a system can be exploited and/or threatened. While public servers are important for communication and data transfer over the Internet, they open the door to potential security breaches by threat agents, such as malicious hackers. Vulnerability scanning employs software that seeks out security flaws based on a database of known flaws, testing systems for the occurrence of these flaws and generating a report of the findings that an individual or an enterprise can use to tighten the network's security.
Q11. The string:
‘ or 1=1-- -
Represents which of the following?
A. Bluejacking
B. Rogue access point
C. SQL Injection
D. Client-side attacks
Answer: C
Explanation:
The code in the question is an example of a SQL Injection attack. The code ‘1=1’ will always provide a value of true. This can be included in statement designed to return all rows in a SQL table.
SQL injection is a code injection technique, used to attack data-driven applications, in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution (e.g. to dump the database contents to the attacker). SQL injection must exploit a security vulnerability in an application's software, for example, when user input is either incorrectly filtered for string literal escape characters embedded in SQL statements or user input is not strongly typed and unexpectedly executed. SQL injection is mostly known as an attack vector for websites but can be used to attack any type of SQL database.
Q12. Which of the following, if properly implemented, would prevent users from accessing files that are unrelated to their job duties? (Select TWO).
A. Separation of duties
B. Job rotation
C. Mandatory vacation
D. Time of day restrictions
E. Least privilege
Answer: A,E
Explanation:
Q13. An investigator recently discovered that an attacker placed a remotely accessible CCTV camera in a public area overlooking several Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs). It is also believed that user accounts belonging to ATM operators may have been compromised. Which of the following attacks has MOST likely taken place?
A. Shoulder surfing
B. Dumpster diving
C. Whaling attack
D. Vishing attack
Answer: A
Explanation:
The CCTV camera has recorded people entering their PINs in the ATMs. This is known as shoulder surfing.
Shoulder surfing is using direct observation techniques, such as looking over someone's shoulder, to get information. Shoulder surfing is an effective way to get information in crowded places because it's relatively easy to stand next to someone and watch as they fill out a form, enter a PIN number at an ATM machine, or use a calling card at a public pay phone. Shoulder surfing can also be done long distance with the aid of binoculars or other vision-enhancing devices. To prevent shoulder surfing, experts recommend that you shield paperwork or your keypad from view by using your body or cupping your hand.
Q14. Which of the following BEST describes the weakness in WEP encryption?
A. The initialization vector of WEP uses a crack-able RC4 encryption algorithm.
Once enough packets are captured an XOR operation can be performed and the asymmetric keys
can be derived.
B. The WEP key is stored in plain text and split in portions across 224 packets of random data.
Once enough packets are sniffed the IV portion of the packets can be removed leaving the plain
text key.
C. The WEP key has a weak MD4 hashing algorithm used.
A simple rainbow table can be used to generate key possibilities due to MD4 collisions.
D. The WEP key is stored with a very small pool of random numbers to make the cipher text.
As the random numbers are often reused it becomes easy to derive the remaining WEP key.
Answer: D
Explanation:
WEP is based on RC4, but due to errors in design and implementation, WEP is weak in a number of areas, two of which are the use of a static common key and poor implementation of initiation vectors (IVs). When the WEP key is discovered, the attacker can join the network and then listen in on all other wireless client communications.
Q15. The IT department has setup a website with a series of questions to allow end users to reset their own accounts. Which of the following account management practices does this help?
A. Account Disablements
B. Password Expiration
C. Password Complexity
D. Password Recovery
Answer: D
Explanation:
People tend to forget their own passwords and because a user’s password in not stored on the operating system, only a hash value is kept and most operating systems allows the administrator to change the value meaning that the password can then be recovered. If you allow end users to reset their own accounts then the password recovery process is helped along.